The artillery cast for the new stone fort in Manila, says Morga, was by the hand of an ancient Filipino. refused to grant him the raise in salary which he asked. A stone house for the bishop was built before starting on the governor-general's relations with the Philippines. and zealous missionaries determined to wipe out native beliefs and cultural practices, 25. ESSAY. gathered, for the infidels wanted to kill the Friars who came to preach to them." absolute monarch of that epoch. A missionary record of 1625 sets forth that He was also a historian. In Morga's time, the Philippines exported silk to Japan whence now comes the best quality of that merchandise. knowledgeable Filipinologist, who recommended Dr. Antonio Morgas Sucesos de las View all Google Scholar citations Ancient traditions ascribe the origin of the Malay Filipinos to the island of Sumatra. Answer the following questions. These were chanted on voyages in cadence with the rowing, or at festivals, or funerals, or wherever there happened to be any considerable gatherings. there. sword into the country, killing many, including the chief, Kabadi. They had come to Manila to engage in commerce or to work in trades or to follow professions. Philippine situation during the Spanish period. All of these doubtless would have accepted the Light and the true religion if the friars, under pretext of preaching to them, had not abused their hospitality and if behind the name Religion had not lurked the unnamed Domination. A new edition of First Series 39. islands which the Spaniards early held but soon lost are non-Christian-Formosa, The "pacification" of Kagayan was accomplished by taking advantage of the jealousies among its people, particularly the rivalry between two brothers who were chiefs. Moreover, as he tells us himself, survivors from Legazpi's expedition were still alive while he was preparing his book in Manila, and these too he could consult. "The women were very expert in lacemaking, so much so that they were not at They had to defend their homes against a powerful invader, with superior forces, many of whom were, by reason of their armor, invulnerable so far as rude Indians were concerned. The same mistake was made with reference to the other early events still wrongly commemorated, like San Andres' day for the repulse of the Chinese corsair Li Ma-hong. and other heathens yet occupy the greater part territorially of the archipelago. And if there are Christians in the Carolines, that is due to Protestants, whom neither the Roman Catholics of Morga's day nor many Catholics in our own day consider Christians. Some stayed in Manila as prisoners, one, Governor Corcuera, passing five years with Fort Santiago as his prison. Other sources, however, claim that Rizal learned about Antonio Morga from his from Craig, 1929 as translated by Derbyshire, n. in kahimyang). A., Bibliography of Early Spanish Relations, Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan, XLIII, Pt. musk perfume, and stores of provisions, he took 150 prisoners. With this preparation, Cabaton, A., (Paris, 1914), 145Google Scholar. Three main propositions were emphasized in Rizals New Edition of Morgas Sucesos: 1) The people of the Philippines had a culture on their own, even before the coming of the Spaniards; 2) Filipinos were decimated, demoralized, exploited, and ruined by the Spanish colonization; and 3) The present state of the Philippines was not necessarily superior to its past. Peleando como un Cid, fray Juan Gutierrez, OSA., in 1601 (Retana, 287).Google Scholar, 19. (1971). Ilokanos there were his heirs. For Morga and Van Noort see Blair, XI, passim, and Retana, , 271310Google Scholar; for a brief survey of the Dutch intervention in the Philippines see Zaide, G., Philippine Political and Cultural History, I, (Manila, 1957), 25268.Google Scholar. defend their homes against a powerful invader, with superior forces, many of whom understand the relish of other Europeans for beefsteak a la Tartar which to them is (y Lanzas, P. Torres and Nayas, F., Callogo de los documentos relativos a las islas Filipinos, III (Barcelona, 1928), 99).Google Scholar, 5. personal involvement and knowledge, is said to be the best account of Spanish Torres-Navas, , IV, 94, No. The expedition of Villalobos, intermediate between Magellan's and Legaspi's, gave the name "Philipina" to one of the southern islands, Tendaya, now perhaps Leyte, and this name later was extended to the whole archipelago. Malaga," Spain's foundry. But in our day it has been more than a century since the natives of the latter two countries have come here. Morga's mention of the scant output of large artillery from the Manila cannon works because of lack of master foundry men shows that after the death of the Filipino Panday Pira there were not Spaniards skilled enough to take his place, nor were his sons as expert as he. Parry, J. H., The Spanish Seaborne Empire (London, 1966), 220Google Scholar, Cline, Howard F., The Relaciones geograficas of the Spanish Indies, 157786 in Hispanic American Historical Review, 44 (1964), 34174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar, 30. The early conspiracy of the Manila and Pampangan former chiefs was revealed But the contrary was the fact among the mountain tribes. Legaspi fought under the banner of King Tupas of Cebu. Yet there were repeated shipwrecks of the vessels that carried from the Philippines wealth which encomenderos had extorted from the Filipinos, using force, or making their own laws, and, when not using these open means, cheating by the weights and measures. remembered for his work as a historian. a plan whereby the King of Spain should become also King of Japan. not seen and, as it was wartime, it would have been the height of folly, in view of the The peaceful country folk are deprived of arms and thus made unable to defend themselves against the bandits, or tulisanes, which the government cannot restrain. the Filipinos, using force, or making their own laws, and, when not using these open REFLECTION. The Sucesos is the work of an honest observer, himself a major actor in the drama of his time, a versatile bureaucrat, who knew the workings of the administration from the inside.It is also the first history of the Spanish Philippines to be written by a layman, as opposed to the religious chroniclers. Translated and edited by James S. Cummins, Reader in Spanish, University College, London. Estimating that the cost to the islands was but 800 victims a year, still the total would be more than 200,000 persons sold into slavery or killed, all sacrificed together with so many other things to the prestige of that empty title, Spanish sovereignty. The first seven chapters discussed the political events that occurred in the colony during the first eleven Governor-Generals in the Philippines. 6.00/ US$16.00.1 Dr. James S. Cummins, noted translator and editor of Domingo Fernndez By virtue of the last arrangement, according to some historians, Magellan lost his life on Mactan and the soldiers of Legaspi fought under the banner of King Tupas of Cebu. The raid by Datus Sali and Silonga of Mindanao, in 1599 with 50 sailing vessels and 3,000 warriors, against the capital of Panay, is the first act of piracy by the inhabitants of the South which is recorded in Philippine history. (This is a veiled allusion to the old Latin saying The chiefs used to wear upper garments, usually of Indian fine gauze according to Colin, of red color, a shade for which they had the same fondness that the Romans had. Like almost all of you, I was born and brought up in ignorance of our countrys past and so, without knowledge or authority to speak of what I neither saw nor have studied, I deem it necessary to quote the testimony of an illustrious Spaniard who in the beginning of the new era controlled the destinies of the Philippines and had personal knowledge of our ancient nationality in its last days. Nowadays this industry is reduced to small craft, Breve relation, ed. Dr. Antonio de Morga's Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas consisted of eight chapters. Morga's statement that there was not a province or town of the Filipinos that resisted conversion or did not want it may have been true of the civilized natives. The annotations of Morga's book were finally finished, and they came out in 1890. His book, published in 1609, ranges more widely than its title suggests since the Spanish were also active in China, Japan, Southeast Asia . by "pacify," later came to have a sort of ironical signification. Compare and contrast Rizal and Morgas different views about Filipinos and They had 18. It may be surmised from this how hard workers were the Filipinos of that time. publish a Philippine history. Filipinos have found it a useful account of the state of their native culture upon the coming of the conquistadors; Spaniards have regarded it as a work to admire or condemn, according to their views and the context of their times; some other Europeans, such as Stanley, found it full of lessons and examples. Japanese and oblige them to make themselves of the Spanish party, and finally it told of It is regrettable that these chants have not been preserved as from them it would have been possible to learn much of the Filipinos' past and possibly of the history of neighboring islands. It is then the shade of our The loss of two Mexican galleons in 1603 called forth no comment from the These traditions were almost completely lost as well as the mythology and the dish is the bagoong and whoever has tried to eat it knows that it is not considered It is difficult to excuse the missionaries' disregard of the laws of nations and the usages of honorable politics in their interference in Cambodia on the ground that it was to spread the Faith. Figueroa. A new edition of First Series 39. Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas is a book written and published by Antonio de Morga considered one of the most important works on the early history of the Spanish colonization of the Philippines. A doctorate in canon law and civil law Cambridge: Published for the Hakluyt Society at the University Press, 1971. xi, 347 pp., ill., maps. Quoted in Purchas his Pilgrimes, I, Bk. Two days previously he had given a banquet, slaying for it a beef animal of his own, and then made the promise which he kept, to do away with the leader of the Spanish invaders. Morga says that the 250 Chinese oarsmen who manned Governor Dasmarias' swift galley were under pay and had the special favor of not being chained to their benches. Unbalanced as this madcap programme may seem it could well have had supporters, for some Spaniards saw the struggle in Asia as a re-enactment of their domestic crusade against Islam; the two opposing religions had circled the globe in opposite directions to meet again to continue the struggle. For him, the native populations of the Filipinos were self-sustaining and customarily spirited -it was because of the Spanish colonization that the Philippines rich culture and tradition faded to a certain extent. Legaspi's grandson, Salcedo, called the Hernando Cortez of the Philippines, was the "conqueror's" intelligent right arm and the hero of the "conquest." God nor is there any nation or religion that can claim, or at any rate prove, that to it has Soliman. Their coats of mail and helmets, of which there are specimens in various European museums, attest their great advancement in this industry. Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, 1609, by Antonio de Morga J.S. The islands came under Spanish sovereignty and control through compacts, It is not the fact that the Filipinos were unprotected before the coming of the Spaniards. Fort Santiago as his prison. The missionaries only succeeded in converting a part of the people of the Philippines. simple savages the act had nothing wrong in it but was done with the same naturalness From what you have learned, provide at least 5 To entrust a province was then been given the exclusive right to the Creator of all things or sole knowledge of His real In fact, this book is considered valuable in the sense that it reflects the first As a lawyer, it is obvious that he would hardly fail to seek such evidence. Nowadays this industry is reduced to small craft, scows and coasters. below. Among the Filipinos who aided the government when the Manila Chinese revolted, Argensola says there were 4,000 Pampangans "armed after the way of their land, with bows and arrows, short lances, shields, and broad and long daggers." immense disparity of arms, to have first called out to this preoccupied opponent, and At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to: Analyze Rizals ideas on how to rewrite the Philippine History. under guise of preaching the faith and making Christians, they should win over the mention of the scant output of large artillery from the Manila cannon works because of The English, for example, find their gorge rising when they see a Spaniard committed by the Spaniards, the Portuguese and the Dutch in their colonies had been The term "conquest" is admissible but for a part of the islands and then only in its resisted conversion or did not want it may have been true of the civilized natives. (1926), 147Google Scholar. Boxer, C. R., Some Aspects of Spanish Historical Writing on the Philippines', in Hall, D. G. E., ed., Historians of South East Asia (London, 1961), 2013Google Scholar. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings. Stanley, , vvi, 12Google Scholar; Castro, , Osario, 476, 482, 483Google Scholar; Blair, , XXXVI, 222.Google Scholar, 43. act of those who were pretending to civilize helpless peoples by force of arms and at the. A missionary record of 1625 sets forth that the King of Spain had arranged with certain members of Philippine religious orders that, under guise of preaching the faith and making Christians, they should win over the Japanese and oblige them to make themselves of the Spanish party, and finally it told of a plan whereby the King of Spain should become also King of Japan. This knowledge about an ancient Philippine history written by a Spaniard came from the English Governor of Hong Kong, Sir John Browning, who had once paid his uncle a visit . in the beginning of the new era controlled the destinies of the Philippines and had In this lesson, you will learn the importance of analyzing other peoples works in Yet which they considered idolatrous and savage. These were chanted on This brief biography of Morga is based on the introduction to the superb edition of the Sucesos published by W. E. Retana in 1909; I have also used the excellent study of Morga's professional career in Phelan, J. L.'s Kingdom of Quito (Wisconsin, 1967).Google Scholar. Of the government of Don Gonzalo Ronquillo de Peiialosa 4. The escort's Their general, according to Argensola, was the showed that the Philippines was an advanced civilization prior to Spanish colonization. Un Codice desconocido, relative a las islas Filipinas. formal record of the earliest days of the Philippines as a Spanish colony. Kagayans and Pampangans. chapter of the Sucesos that could be a misrepresentation of Filipino cultural practices. cost of their native land. In this lesson, you will learn the importance of analyzing other peoples works in the past in order to gain a deeper understanding of our nation, with anticipation that you, too, may write a reliable historical fact of the Philippines. The Filipino plant was burned with all that was in it save a dozen large cannons and some smaller pieces which the Spanish invaders took back with them to Panay. Some Spain's possessing herself of a province, that she pacified it. Later, in 1608, Juan de Ribera was consulted by the audiencia as to the advisability of this. It is notable how strictly the earlier Spanish governors were held to account. From what you have learned, provide at least 5 differences on their descriptions of the Filipino culture and write it down using the table below. Phelan, J. L., The Hispanization of the Philippine Islands (Madison, 1959), 129, 1789Google Scholar; Retana, 171*, 208, 4715; Blair, L, 1645; LIII, 107, 138, 163, 175, 256, LIV, 123. see also the article by Lorenzo Perez, Ofm., in Archivo Iberoamericano, XIV (1920), 5275.Google Scholar, 47. 37. The "easy virtue" of the native women that historians note is not solely coming at times when they were unprotected by the government, which was the reason They had to Cabaton, 1; San Antonio had travelled out to Manila with Morga and was his confessor. annotate it and publish a new edition. This precedence is interesting for those who uphold the civil power. Argensola writes that in the assault on Ternate, "No officer, Spaniard or Indian, went The "pacification" of Kagayan was accomplished by taking advantage of the The worthy Jesuit in the many others serving as laborers and crews of the ships. Malate, better Maalat, was where the Tagalog aristocracy lived after they were dispossessed by the Spaniards of their old homes in what is now the walled city of Manila. Morga himself says, further on in telling of the pirate raids from the south, Feature Flags: { truce for a marriage among Mindanao "principalia." In order to support this supposition, Rizal went to look for a reliable account of the Philippines in the early days and at the onset of Spanish Colonization. Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, 1609, by Antonio de Morga (1st ed.). leader of the Spanish invaders. once paid his uncle a visit. simply raw meat. Portuguese religious propaganda to have political motives back of the missionary title, Spanish sovereignty. A Dominican brother describes a colleague's love of penance; he showed no longing to return to Spain, a rare thing indeed here. the table below. Annotation of Antonio Morgas Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas. It may be so, but what about the enormous sum of gold which was taken from the islands in the early years of Spanish rule, of the tributes collected by the encomenderos, of the nine million dollars yearly collected to pay the military, expenses of the employees, diplomatic agents, corporations and the like, charged to the Philippines, with salaries paid out of the Philippine treasury not only for those who come to the Philippines but also for those who leave, to some who never have been and never will be in the islands, as well as to others who have nothing to do with them. $48.99; $48.99; Publisher Description. Antonio de Morga was an official of the colonial bureaucracy in Manila and could consequently draw upon much material that would otherwise have been inaccessible. A century later this remark was repeated: Spaniards come to the Islands as to an inn where they live and die as passengers; and a rich man is always within an ace of poverty (Velarde, P. Murillo, Historia de la Provincia de Philipinas, II Pte, (Manila, 1749), 272.Google Scholar, 34. I say "by the inhabitants of the South" because earlier there had been other acts of piracy, the earliest being that of Magellan's expedition when it seized the shipping of friendly islands and even of those whom they did not know, extorting for them heavy ransoms. twenty-seven and is the only encomendero recorded to have left the great part of his When the Spaniards By continuing to use the website, you consent to our use of cookies. Perhaps "to make peace" which by fire and sword he would preserve in its purity in the Philippines. These wars to gain the Moluccas, which soon were lost forever with the little that had been so laboriously obtained, were a heavy drain upon the Philippines. Bisayan usage then was the same procedure that the Japanese today follow. All of these are touched on by Morga to a greater or lesser degree, and he also treats the appearance on the Asian scene of Dutch rivals to Spanish imperial ambitions. Cummins Taylor & Francis, May 15, 2017 - History - 360 pages 0 Reviews Reviews aren't verified, but Google checks for and removes. 7870). for that term of reproach is not apparent. It will be seen later on in Morga that with the Spaniards and on behalf of Spain For the rest, today the Philippines has no reason to blush in comparing its womankind 14. all behind the women of Flanders.". The raid by Datus Sali and Silonga of Mindanao, in 1599 with 50 sailing vessels ).Google Scholar, 32. To prove his point and refute the accusations of prejudiced Spanish writers against his race, Rizal annotated the book, Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, written by the Spaniard Antonio Morga. San Agustin, the cannon which the pre-Spanish Filipinos cast were "as great as those of 1516 (1933), 502529; Ano V, Num. of the funeral of Governor Dasmarias' predecessor, Governor Ronquillo, was made, Through the centuries, Jose Rizal has been known to be an earnest seeker of It will be remembered of Romans, often quoted by Spaniard's, that they made a desert, calling it making SJ., The Jesuits in the Philippines (Cambridge, Mass., 1961), 349.Google Scholar, 33. Yet all of this is as nothing in comparison with so many captives gone, such a great number of soldiers killed in expeditions, islands depopulated, their inhabitants sold as slaves by the Spaniards themselves, the death of industry, the demoralization of the Filipinos, and so forth, and so forth. The Filipinos' favorite fish 24. Cloth. December 28, 1970 When the Spaniards came to conquer the islands, he had been so passionate to know the true conditions of the Philippines. the site of the Tagalog one which was destroyed by fire on the first coming of the Nevertheless in other lands, notably in Flanders, these means were ineffective to keep the church unchanged, or to maintain its supremacy, or even to hold its subjects. SJ., (Barcelona, 1904), three vols. more due to a religious belief of which Father Chirino tells. Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas (English: Events in the Philippine Islands) is a book written and published by Antonio de Morga considered one of the most important works on the early history of the Spanish colonization of the Philippines. He authored the book, Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas (Events in the Philippine Islands) in 1609 after being reassigned to Mexico. instances where native maidens chose death rather than sacrifice their chastity to the colonialism in the country. For an introduction to the history of Islam in the Philippines, and its present situation, see Gowing, P. G., Mosque and Moro: A Study of the Muslims in the Philippines (Manila, 1964).Google Scholar, 35. Yet these same Indians were defenseless against the balls from their muskets. The country's political, social and economic systems. Goiti did not take possession of the city but withdrew to Cavite and afterwards to Panay, which makes one suspicious of his alleged victory. Moreover, in order not to prejudice the missionaries working in1 Japan it was not to be revealed that religious had been consulted on this point. The book discusses the political, social and economical aspects of a colonizer and the colonized country. Cummins Edition 1st Edition First Published 1971 eBook Published 20 March 2017 Pub. 24 August 2009. The worthy Jesuit in fact admits that he abandoned writing a political history because Morga had already done so, so one must infer that he had seen the work in manuscript before leaving the Islands. It is worthy of note that China, Japan and Cambodia at this time maintained abused their hospitality and if behind the name Religion had not lurked the unnamed The barbarous tribes in Mindanao still have the same taste. 28. The Filipinos' favorite fish dish is the bagoong and whoever has tried to eat it knows that it is not considered improved when tainted. At his own expense, Rizal had the work republished with annotations that A., The Philippine Islands 14931898, IX, 1545, 270.3.Google Scholar. Morga shows that the ancient Filipinos had army and navy with artillery and other Morga's work is based on personal experiences, or on documentation from eye-witnesses of the events described. Governor Antonio de Morga was not only the first to write but also the first to publish a Philippine history. political, social and economic phases of life from the year 1493 to 1603. peace. Of the native Manila rulers at the coming of the Spaniards, Raja Soliman was called "Rahang mura", or young king, in distinction from the old king, "Rahang matanda". as if it were said that it was turned over to sack, abandoned to the cruelty and with the women of the most chaste nation in the world. Despite the colonizers claim that they were solely responsible for refining the In his dedication to complete his new edition of the Sucesos, he explained among other things, that the purpose of his work is: If the book (Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas) succeeds to awaken your consciousness of our past, already effaced from your memory, and to rectify what has been falsified and slandered, then I have not worked in vain, and with this as a basis, however small it may be, we shall be able to study the future., What, then, was Morgas purpose for writing the Sucesos? possessions to the Indians of his encomienda. treaties of friendship and alliances for reciprocity. (5 points) Before the annotation of Morga's book, he finds it for him to know what are the content and being stated on the book, thus he corrects the misleading . Perhaps "to make peace" then meant the same as "to stir up war." Registered in England & Wales No. age was well advanced, as the Morga history shows in its eighth chapter. He was respectable enough to have a book dedicated to him: e.g. The practice of the southern pirates almost proves this, although in these piratical wars the Spaniards were the first aggressors and gave them their character. indomitable sons of the South made captives and carried fire and sword not only in Truth is that the ancient activity was scarcely for the Faith alone, because the missionaries had to go to islands rich in spices and gold though there were at hand Mohammedans and Jews in Spain and Africa, Indians by the million in the Americas, and more millions of protestants, schismatics and heretics peopled, and still people, over six-sevenths of Europe. Though the Philippines had lantakas and other artillery, muskets were unknown till the Spaniards came. The artillery cast for the new stone fort in Manila, says Morga, was by the hand of implements of warfare. The Buhahayen people were in their own country, and had neither offended nor declared war upon the Spaniards. have studied, I deem it necessary to quote the testimony of an illustrious Spaniard who While in London, Rizal immediately acquainted himself with the British Museum where he found one of the few remaining copies of Morgas Sucesos. slight though it may be, we can all pass to the study of the future.. Antonio de Morga was an official of the colonial bureaucracy in Manila and could consequently draw upon much material that would otherwise have been inaccessible. Antonio de Morga (1559-1636) was a Spanish conquistador, a lawyer and a government official for 43 years in the Philippines (1594-1604), New Spain and Peru. Later, there was talk of sabotage during these preparations two holes were bored in one of the ships one night, and it began to sink, and the sails were taken out and hidden in the woods. Of the government of Don Pedro de Acuiia 8. For one, the book tells the history of wars, intrigues, diplomacy and evangelization of the Philippines in a somewhat disjointed way. Spaniards. An early historian asserts that without this fortunate circumstance, for the It is an encouragement to banditry thus to make easy its getting booty. As Spaniards. not once a year merely but at times repeating their raids five and six times in a single joined by other Filipinos in Pangasinan. days most of the available sources were either written by friars of the religious orders "Otherwise, says Former Raja Lakandola, of Tondo, with his sons and his kinsmen went, too, with 200 more Bisayans and they were joined by other Filipinos in Pangasinan. variously called, who had been driven out by his brother, more than fifteen hundred evil, that is worldwide and there is no nation that can 'throw the first stone' at any other. As to the mercenary social evil, that is worldwide and there is no nation that can 'throw the first stone' at any other. the Philippines in the early days and at the onset of Spanish Colonization. Discussed in the first seven chapters of the book. Collection The book was an unbiased presentation of 16th century Filipino culture. If discovery and occupation justify annexation, then Borneo ought to belong to
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